一种基于局部平均法向变形的网格参数化方法

针对有边界无边界的网格参数化问题, 提出一种局部平均法向变形的网格参数化方法, 以平均曲率流的方式为参考, 将顶点推向其邻居的平均位置, 使网格变形至平面或球面. 首先, 计算每个三角形邻居面的平均法向, 并以该法向为目标, 计算每个面法向变化的旋转矩阵; 其次, 基于Poisson方程将整个网格重新“缝合”, 通过优化拉伸能量, 计算顶点的新坐标. 交替迭代上述两个步骤, 将网格变形至常平均曲率曲面. 该算法与一般的基于能量优化的方法不同, 每次迭代只需求解稀疏线性方程, 因此可以快速处理大型数据集. 通过在形变过程中加入惩罚函数动态地调整全局平均法向量的权重, 避免了变形过程中三角形退化或翻转的问题. 实验结果表明, 与其他参数化方法相比, 该方法具有实用可靠、 计算效率高等优点, 并能在同一框架下计算低扭曲的平面参数化和球面参数化.     

阶次自适应AR等效电路模型的锂电池SOC滑模观测

基于等效电路模型的一类车载动力电池剩余荷电状态(state of charge，SOC)的估算方法，其估算精度高度依赖于模型精度，模型精度又正比于模型复杂度，以至于难以较好地应用于嵌入式控制单元.提出复杂度相对较低、能够自适应确定最优模型阶次的全新等效电路模型——基于阶次自适应AR模型的车载动力电池等效电路灰箱模型.基于此灰箱模型，给出锂离子电池SOC的滑模观测器设计推导及能观性、收敛性证明.结果表明，本文提出的基于阶次自适应AR等效电路灰箱模型的滑模观测器SOC估算方法(adaptive autoregressive-sliding mode observer，AAR-SMO)具有低模型复杂度、高精度、强鲁棒性及快速收敛等性能.     

茶树花多糖研究进展

茶树花与茶叶同根共生,但往往被视为茶树的废弃物,不能很好地加以利用,从而造成资源的浪费与损失。茶树花含有丰富的活性物质,其中茶树花中的多糖成分与茶叶中含有的多糖成分基本相同,但含量明显高于茶鲜叶。茶树花多糖具有降血糖、抗氧化、免疫调节作用及抗肿瘤、肝保护、抗凝血等多种生物活性,是非常宝贵的新资源食品。茶树花多糖主要的提取方法包括溶剂提取法、酶法提取、微波辅助提取和超声辅助提取法。提取出的茶树花粗多糖,一般需要经过脱蛋白、脱色、色谱柱分离等纯化工艺,得到纯净的茶树花多糖。目前,围绕茶树花多糖的研究报道较少,值得对其进行深入研究。聚焦茶树花这一新资源食品,围绕茶树花多糖的生物活性、提取方法、分离纯化方法等方面进行阐述,以期为研究茶树花及其多糖活性物质的开发利用提供新的研究思路。     

双向认知网络物理层安全策略建模及仿真研究

为提高移动通信系统的性能,构建了一个存在主网络干扰和窃听者的双向认知中继网络的物理层安全传输模型,设计了一种中继选择和功率分配的联合优化策略,用于对抗窃听者,保护收发节点的信息传输。通过仿真分析得出,此非凸优化问题限制条件较多,难以保证粒子群优化算法随机生成的初始解的可行性,从而造成求解困难。提出了一种基于可变网格优化和粒子群优化算法的混合优化算法。仿真结果表明此算法提高了次级网络的保密速率,提升了次级网络的安全性能。     

Uncoupled PID Control of Coupled Multi-Agent Nonlinear Uncertain systems

In this paper, PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controllers will be designed to solve the tracking problem for a class of coupled multi-agent systems, where each agent is described by a second-order high-dimensional nonlinear uncertain dynamical system, which only has access to its own tracking error information and does not need to communicate with others. This paper will show that a 3-dimensional manifold can be constructed based on the information about the Lipschitz constants of the system nonlinear dynamics, such that whenever the three parameters of each PID controller are chosen from the manifold, the whole multi-agent system can be stabilized globally and the tracking error of each agent approaches to zero asymptotically. For a class of coupled first-order multi-agent nonlinear uncertain systems, a PI controller will be designed to stabilize the whole system.     

Blockage of the NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 improves anti-tumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical innate immune pathway responsible for producing active interleukin (IL)-1β, which is associated with tumor development and immunity. However, the mechanisms regulating the inflammatory microenvironment, tumorigenesis and tumor immunity are unclear. Herein, we show that the NLRP3 inflammasome was over-expressed in human HNSCC tissues and that the IL-1β concentration was increased in the peripheral blood of HNSCC patients. Additionally, elevated NLRP3 inflammasome levels were detected in tumor tissues of Tgfbr1/Pten 2cKO HNSCC mice, and elevated IL-1β levels were detected in the peripheral blood serum, spleen, draining lymph nodes and tumor tissues. Blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation using MCC950 remarkably reduced IL-1β production in an HNSCC mouse model and reduced the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Moreover, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation increased the numbers of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in HNSCC mice. Notably, the numbers of exhausted PD-1⁺ and Tim3⁺ T cells were significantly reduced. A human HNSCC tissue microarray showed that NLRP3 inflammasome expression was correlated with the expression of CD8 and CD4, the Treg marker Foxp3, the MDSC markers CD11b and CD33, and the TAM markers CD68 and CD163, PD-1 and Tim3. Overall, our results demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway promotes tumorigenesis in HNSCC and inactivation of this pathway delays tumor growth, accompanied by decreased immunosuppressive cell accumulation and an increased number of effector T cells. Thus, inhibition of the tumor microenvironment through the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway may provide a novel approach for HNSCC therapy.     

本科教学中逻辑性课程《纳米材料》的主线设计探索

《纳米材料》课程主要讲解纳米材料的结构与性能之间关系的概念与理论,这种定位决定了纳米材料课应采用逻辑教学法.在这种方法下需找到课程逻辑起点,然后沿着起点设计出一条课程主线,建立课程理论体系,从而合理承接培养方案中的课程群.在《纳米材料》中,纳米结构就是逻辑起点,主线就是"结构与性能"的关系.故该门课程应按"结构和性能"这条主线展开.对现行纳米材料课程内容进行分析,大部分内容均可用主线串联起来.该方法为类似的逻辑性课程教学方法改革以及在课程章节内容之间建立逻辑关联提供借鉴.     

三角代数上Lie积为平方零元的非线性Jordan高阶可导映射

设U是一个 2-无挠的三角代数,D ={d_n}_n∈N是U上一个Lie积为平方零元的非线性Jordan高阶可导映射。证明了三角代数U上的每一个Lie积为平方零元的非线性Jordan高阶可导映射都是高阶导子。作为结论的应用,得到套代数或 2-无挠的上三角分块矩阵代数上的每一个Lie积为平方零元的非线性Jordan高阶可导映射都是高阶导子。     

2018年天文学热点回眸

 天文学是一门以观测为基础的学科，其发展主要依靠观测和数据的支持。基于SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System天文物理学数据系统中高被引文章并结合热点新闻报道，回顾了2018年天文学热点的进展和发现，以观测和基础研究、仪器研制及工具开发两大方面论述了2018年天文学研究热点。